Tensors and their invariant equations have been used in the applied sciences to mathematically model complex multivariate relations in a concise and simple format. Often applied scientists envision these multivariate and complex relationships as "visual mental models" in a glyph format. These visual mental models are more or less clear psychical images that convey a cognitive understanding of the physical model being studied, e.g. gradients in space and time of tensoral properties convey our fundamental idea of a comoving derivative of that property where these gradients are often imagined in the "minds eye" as visual objects (glyphs) whose shapes and colors represent tensoral components that change with space and time. Because many of these ideas are common to each individuals' visual creative cognitive process, these images can be shared with others as images because of recent advances in computer graphics. Here we explore how recent advances in computer graphics can capture this visual cognitive process and communicate some of the more fundamental ideas in mechanics and the applied sciences. With regard to the fundamental idea of tensor equation invariance, it is demonstrated that the idea of quantitative mathematical invariance associated with tensor equations can be used to qualitatively envision the same invariance associated with physical laws in a glyph format. Consequently envisioning invariance enables scientists to see and understand the qualitative content of equations associated with physical laws, e.g. equilibrium in Cauchy's equation was envisioned and understood graphically as a glyph at a point or 3D gradient of glyphs surrounding that point. These concepts are developed and envisioned by creating eigenvalue-eigenvector glyphs, that is one of three visual methods used when envisioning scientific information.
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Zeroth Order Tensors and Tensor Equation Invariance Envisioning Scalar Gradients ©: Extracting Relationships From Scalar Functions © |
Second Order Tensors and Tensor Equation Invariance Sij Definitions and Refs. |
Fourth Order Tensors and Tensor Equation Invariance NSF Visualization Contest ICCES03 Pub & Pres |
Creating σij Glyphs / README Example-1: Four σij Glyphs: PNS, HWY, Reynolds, and Quadric Example-2: Residual Stress Gradients |
Example: Calcium Formate |